INTRODUCTION

To learn and use Arduino effectively, we need to understand and become familiar with several basic functions.

1. PinMode (pin, mode);

Function:

Configures a specified pin to operate as either an OUTPUT or an INPUT. Both digital and analog pins can be configured as inputs or outputs using this function.

// Syntax:

pinMode(pin, mode);

// Example:

pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

// Configures digital pin 13 as an OUTPUT.

Example

2. Delay (time);

Function:

Pauses the program for the specified duration (time). The unit of time is milliseconds (1 second = 1000 milliseconds).

// Syntax:

delay(time);

// Example:

delay(1000);

// Pauses the program for 1 second.

3. DigitalWrite (pin, value);

Function:

Sets a digital pin to either HIGH or LOW.

Possible values:

• HIGH (5V on a 5V board) – Sets the pin to a HIGH voltage level.
• LOW (0V) – Sets the pin to a LOW voltage level.

// Syntax:

digitalWrite(pin, value);

// Example 1:

digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

// Sets digital pin 13 to HIGH.

// Example 2:

digitalWrite(13, LOW);

// Sets digital pin 13 to LOW.

PRACTICE EXERCISE

Task:

Using the knowledge of the three functions pinMode(), delay(), and digitalWrite(), write an Arduino program to perform the following task:

"Set digital pin 13 to HIGH for 1 second, then set it to LOW.”

Solution